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Learn the definition of cations and anions , their formation, and differences based on electric charge, reactions, etc. here at Embibe. An anion is an atom or molecule that has gained one or more electrons, giving it an overall negative electrical charge. The key difference lies in how they are formed and their resulting charge: an anion forms by gaining electrons (becoming negative), while a cation is formed by losing electrons (becoming positive). The difference between cation and anion mainly depends on the electrical charge of the ion. Furthermore, both cations and anions happen to be ions. Moreover, the ions are atoms or molecules that ... Learn what cations and anions are, how they are formed, and how they are named. See the periodic table trends and examples of common ions and their compounds.