Crayfish[a] are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. crayfish, any of numerous crustaceans (order Decapoda, phylum Arthropoda) constituting the families Astacidae (Northern Hemisphere), Parastacidae, and Austroastracidae (Southern Hemisphere). They are closely related to the lobster. Over half of the more than 500 species occur in North America. Crayfish are crustaceans that are also known as crawdads, crawfish, kriddly wigs, and freshwater lobsters. [1] they are closely related to lobsters, crabs, and shrimp. Learn about crayfish, a type of crustacean with a segmented body and large claws, that lives in freshwater or saltwater. Find out how crayfish are classified, distributed, anatomically, and used for food and bait.