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Flagella are slender, thread-like structures that extend from the cell body of various organisms, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. These structures play a crucial role in locomotion, allowing cells to move through liquid environments effectively. A flagellum or flagella is a lash or hair-like structure present on the cell body that is important for different physiological functions of the cell. The term ‘flagellum’ is the Latin term for whip indicating the long slender structure of the flagellum that resembles a whip. Bacterial flagella are long, thin (about 20 nm), whip-like appendages that move the bacteria towards nutrients and other attractants. Like capsule and pili, flagella are external to the cell wall in some bacteria. Flagella are free at one end and attached to the cell at the other end. Flagella are hair-like protrusions , intricate whip-like appendages crucial for cellular movement in various organisms. These microstructures propel cells through liquids, helping in navigation, nutrients, and defense mechanisms.
