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Talking of India’s earliest inhabitants, one cannot miss mentioning the fossils of the chimp-like, tree-dwelling primates who roamed the Indian sub-continent 12.3 million years ago - Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus . Australopithecus vs. Ramapithecus What's the Difference? Australopithecus and Ramapithecus are both extinct hominids that lived millions of years ago. Australopithecus, which existed between 4.2 and 1.9 million years ago, is considered to be one of the earliest known human ancestors. They were bipedal, meaning they walked on two legs, and had a mixture of ape-like and human-like features. Ramapithecus , on the other hand, lived around 14 to 9 million years ago and is believed to be a ... Simons gave the name Ramapithecus punjabicus to this find, which was a long time thought to be the highest evolved form in the Hominid evolution, belonging to the ape group of Dryopithecus. The fossils of Ramapithecus (Primarily teeth and jaw) come from two areas: the Siwalik Hills in India and Fort Ternan in Kenya. In this comprehensive article, we will explore the significant anatomical characteristics of Ramapithecus , its discovery and distribution, paleoanthropological evidence from India with a focus on the Siwaliks, the phylogenetic position of Ramapithecus , and the controversy surrounding its taxonomy.